Defense About Payroll System Essay

GLOBAL RECIPROCAL COLLEGES GRC Bldg Rizal Avenue cor 9th Ave. Caloocan City Payroll System In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements For the Subject ITCS 211 Submitted by: Lu, Lyn, L. Sanchez, Frecis Balingit, Jembert Ballester, Gerlie Amandog, Jinine II- Galatians Submitted to: Mrs. Tupaz I.T. Professor Introduction As computer technology changes at such fast phase, many businesses sectors try to cope up by upgrading computer system constantly in order to stay competitive. The multi function ability of technology for its advance system is also an important factor for a company to use software. It makes efficient use of the advance technology and has ambition to discover more. Computers have the great impact on the profession of accounting. With the  rapid growth of technology today, there is no doubt that computer will become a common asset in all profession. This Computerized Payroll System program allows the monthly payroll schedule to be calculated accurately. Just by having all employees’ information such as name, rate per hour, working hours, etc to enter to its database. Therefore, payroll can be done with the guide of the program. The system is good in for its specialty in the fields of accurate computations. It is easy to use, effective and efficient in organizing and calculating the payroll. In addition, this study aims to develop a reliable computerized payroll system for Ministop Convenient Store for a better manageable of a business. The Proposed Computerized Payroll System will give a big relief of the employee and employers as well. Goal To make a efficient, effective and easy to use computerized payroll system that will solve the currently problems of Ministop Convenient Store in having Manual process in their payroll system Objectives To create a computerized payroll system that will work conveniently for the employees of Ministop in computing their salary & accurate total of deductions for their benefits and taxes. ↠ To avoid mathematical errors in computing the salary that may cause financial trouble. ↠ To prevent lost of data and damaging of files. ↠ To lessen the consume time in checking and tallying their records. Statement of the Problem Ministop convenience store has a problem with their payroll system. They always encounter problems in manual payroll process. So we decided to create a computerized payroll system that will seek for answer in the following problems. ↠ Prone to mathematical errors that could consume much time than it should and could cause financial or legal trouble. ↠ Time consuming in double checking the consistency of all the reports. ↠ Storage of files is susceptible to be damaged as well as lost of data. Scope The payroll system has a security ADMIN account in order to use it. The payroll system will compute the total salary of the employees of Ministop according to their recorded rate per hour and hours worked and also the system will automatically deduct their taxes and total contributions for their benefits such as SSS and Phil-Health. The computed overall Salary will be transferred in ATM account. Delimitations †¢ This system will only compute the salary of Crews, Guards and Manager. †¢ This system is only for the employees of Ministop Convenient Store. Abstract The program has its own database that will store employee’s information and salary details. The Admin should log-in first before the  program will function. After the user successfully log-in, the main page will appear. The main page contains â€Å"Add employee†, â€Å"Compute Salary† and â€Å"Log-Out† button. â€Å"Add Employee† Button is for adding employee. â€Å"Compute Salary† Button is for computing and showing the Salary details. â€Å"Log-Out† button is for the Signing Out of the Admin. In adding employee, the user has to input needed information about the employee. In Computing the Salary, the employee should enter their registered Employee No. and Password. If the employee successfully filled up the required Employee No. and Password, the Form â€Å"Salary Details† that contains the Employee information and Computed Total Deductions and Salary will appear. In Logging-Out, the system will return to â€Å"Log-in† Form.

Blood glucose regulation Essay

DISCUSSION 1. Explain how insulin changed plasma glucose concentration over the course of the experiment. The insulin changed the plasma glucose levels by raising dramatically from fasting to the one hour mark, but by hour 3 it droped again to almost the same levels as fasting. The glucagon remained almost the same on throughout the levels except that it lowered a bit 1 hour after the  meal. 2. Explain how glucagon changed plasma glucose concentration over the course of the experiment. Glucagon acts on liver cells to promote breakdown of glycogen into glucose and formation of glucose from lactic acid and certain amino acids. 3. Explain what caused the change in plasma ketone concentration over the course of the experiment. Ketones changed from high during fasting to lower after eating and even after hour three because it first they were needed to generate ATP but droped because they were not needed as much for fuel. 4. Explain how negative feedback caused the changes in plasma insulin concentration observed during the experiment. the level of blood glucose controls secretion of both glucagon and insulin via negative feedback. 5. Explain how negative feedback caused the changes in plasma glucagon concentration observed during the experiment. 6. The insulin/glucagon ratio changed over the course of the experiment indicating changes in glucose storage and changes in ability to increase blood glucose concentration via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. State when glucose storage capability was highest and why. 7. State when glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis were highest and why. 1 hour post meal because that’s when there was the highest amount of sugar in the blood. 8. Explain how a high blood ketone level helps the body conserve blood  glucose. When the concentration of ketone bodies in the blood rises above normal the ketone bodies, most of which are acids, must buffered. 9. Restate your predictions that were correct and give the data from your experiment that supports them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them, giving the data from your experiment that supports the correction. APPLICATION 1. During exercise, epinephrine and norepinephrine are released from the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine and norepinephrine have the same effect on plasma glucose levels as glucagon. Explain how epinephrine and norepinephrine affect plasma glucose and why this is important during exercise. Epinephrine and norepinephrine will be released by the adrenal medullae in response to stress. During exercise the brain will release epinephrine and norepinephrine because it has been told that the body needs to adjust to the new demand that must be met. Which means that the heart rate needs to increase in order to support itself and work efficiently. 3. The symptoms of diabetes mellitus include high plasma glucose levels and ketoacidosis (blood pH decreases due to increasing levels of ketones). Explain how diabetes causes these symptoms. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a dangerous complication of diabetes mellitus because the chemical balance of the body becomes too acidic.

A Biography of Letizia Bonaparte - Napoleons Mother

Letizia Bonaparte experienced poverty and opulent wealth thanks to the actions of her children, the most famous of whom was Napoleon Bonaparte, the twice Emperor of France. But Letizia was no mere lucky mother profiting from a childs success, she was a formidable figure who guided her family through difficult, albeit often self made, situations, and saw a son rise and fall while keeping a relatively steady head. Napoleon might have been emperor of France and Europes most feared military leader, but Letiziawas still happy to refuse to attend his coronation when she was unhappy with him! Marie-Letizia Bonaparte (nà ©e Ramolino), Madame Mà ©re de Sa Majestà © lEmpereur (1804 - 1815) Born: 24th August 1750 in Ajaccio, Corsica.Married: 2nd June 1764 in Ajaccio, CorsicaDied: 2nd February 1836 in Rome, Italy. Childhood Born in the middle of the eighteenth century, August 1750, Marie-Letizia was a member of the Ramolinos, a low ranking noble family of Italian descent whose elders had lived around Corsica - and in Letizias case, Ajaccio - for several centuries. Letizias father died when she was five and her mother Angela remarried a few years later to Franà §ois Fesch, a captain from the Ajaccio garrison which Letizias father had once commanded. Throughout this period Letizia received no education beyond the domestic. Marriage The next phase of Letizias life began on June 2nd 1764 when she married Carlo Buonaparte, the son of a local family with similar social rank and Italian descent; Carlo was eighteen, Letizia fourteen. Although some myths claim otherwise, the couple certainly didnt elope on a lovesick whim and, although some of the Ramolinos objected, neither family was overtly against the marriage; indeed, most historians agree that the match was a sound, largely economic, agreement which left the couple financially secure, although far from rich. Letizia soon bore two children, one before the end of 1765 and another under ten months later, but neither lived for long. Her next child was born on July 7th 1768, and this son survived: he was named Joseph. Overall, Letizia gave birth to thirteen children, but only eight of those made it past infancy. On The Front Line One source of family income was Carlos work for Pasquale Paoli, a Corsican patriot and revolutionary leader. When French armies landed in Corsica during 1768 Paolis forces fought an, initially successful, war against them and, in early 1769, Letizia accompanied Carlo to the front line - at her own behest - despite her fourth pregnancy. However, the Corsican forces were crushed at the battle of Ponte Novo and Letizia was forced to flee back to Ajaccio through mountains. The incident is worth noting, for shortly after her return Letizia gave birth to her second surviving son, Napoleon; his embryonic presence at the battle remains part of his legend. Household Letizia remained in Ajaccio for the next decade, bearing six more children who survived into adulthood - Lucien in 1775, Elisa in 1777, Louis in 1778, Pauline in 1780, Caroline in 1782 and finally Jerome in 1784. Much of Letizias time was spent caring for those children who remained at home - Joseph and Napoleon departed for schooling in France during 1779 - and organising the Casa Buonaparte, her home. By all accounts Letizia was a stern mother prepared to whip her offspring, but she was also caring and ran her household to the benefit of all. Affair with Comte de Marbeuf During the late 1770s Letizia began an affair with the Comte de Marbeuf, Corsicas French military governor and a friend of Carlos. Although there is no direct evidence, and despite the attempts of some historians to argue otherwise, the circumstances make it quite clear that Letizia and Marbeuf were lovers at some point during the period 1776 to 1784, when the latter married an eighteen year girl and began to distance himself from the, now 34 year old, Letizia. Marbeuf may have fathered one of the Buonaparte children, but commentators who claim he was Napoleons father are without any foundation. Fluctuating Wealth / Flight to France Carlo died on February 24th 1785. For the next few years Letizia managed to keep her family together, despite numerous sons and daughters scattered across France in education and training, by running a thrifty household and persuading notoriously ungenerous relatives to part with money. This was the start of a series of financial troughs and peaks for Letizia: in 1791 she inherited large sums from Archdeacon Lucien, a man who had lived on the floor above her in the Casa Buonaparte. This windfall enabled her to relax her grip on household tasks and enjoy herself, but it also enabled her son Napoleon to enjoy quick promotion and enter into the turmoil of Corsican politics. After turning against Paoli Napoleon suffered defeat, forcing his family to flee for the French mainland in 1793. By the end of that year Letizia was lodged in two small rooms at Marseilles, relying on a soup kitchen for food. This sudden income and loss would, you can speculate, colour her views when the family rose to great heights under the Napoleonic empire and fell from them with equally spectacular speed. Rise of Napoleon Having plunged his family into poverty, Napoleon soon saved them from it: heroic success in Paris brought him promotion to the Army of the Interior and considerable wealth, 60,000 francs of which went to Letizia, enabling her to move into one of Marseilles best homes. From then until 1814 Letizia received ever greater riches from her son, especially after his triumphant Italian campaign of 1796-7. This lined the elder Bonaparte brothers pockets with considerable riches and caused the Paolistas to be expelled from Corsica; Letizia was thus able to return to the Casa Buonaparte, which she renovated with a massive compensatory grant from the French government. The Wars of the 1st / 2nd / 3rd / 4th / 5th / 1812 / 6th Coalition Mother of the Emperor of France Now a woman of great wealth and considerable esteem, Letizia still attempted to control her children, remaining able to praise and chastise them even as they became kings, princes and emperors. Indeed, Letizia was keen that each should benefit equally from the Bonapartes success, and each time he bestowed an award on one sibling Letizia urged him to restore the equilibrium with awards to the others. In an imperial story full of wealth, battles and conquest, there is something warming about the presence of the imperial mother still making sure the siblings divided things equally, even if these were regions and people had died to gain them. Letizia did more than simply organise her family, for she acted as unofficial governor of Corsica - commentators have suggested that nothing major occurred without her approval - and oversaw the Imperial Charities. Snubbing Napoleon However, Napoleons fame and wealth was no guarantee of his mothers favour. Immediately after his imperial accession Napoleon granted titles to his family, including that of Prince of the Empire for Joseph and Louis. However, Letizia was so chagrined at hers - Madame Mà ¨re de Sa Majestà © lEmpereur (or Madame Mà ¨re, Madam Mother) - that she boycotted the coronation. The title may well have been a deliberate slight from son to mother over family arguments and the Emperor tried to make amends a year later, in 1805, by giving Letizia a country home with over 200 courtiers, high-ranking servants and vast sums of money. Madame Mre This episode reveals another side of Letizia: she was certainly careful with her own money, but willing to spend that of her children and patrons. Unimpressed with the first property - a wing of the Grand Trianon - she had Napoleon move her into a large seventeenth century chateau, despite complaining at the opulence of it all. Letizia was exhibiting more than an innate miserlyness, or using the lessons learnt from coping with her free-spending husband, for she was preparing for the potential collapse of Napoleons empire: My son has a fine position, said Letizia, but it may not continue for ever. Who knows whether all these kings wont some day come to me begging for bread? (Napoleons Family, Seward, pg 103.) Refuge in Rome Circumstances did indeed change. In 1814 Napoleons enemies seized Paris, forcing him into abdication and exile on Elba; as the Empire fell, so his siblings fell with him, losing their thrones, titles and parts of their wealth. Nevertheless, the conditions of Napoleons abdication guaranteed Madame Mà ¨re 300,000 francs a year; throughout the crises Letizia acted with stoicism and gentle bravery, never rushing from her enemies and marshalling her errant children as best she could. She initially traveled to Italy with her half brother Fesch, the latter gaining an audience with Pope Pius VII during which the pair were granted refuge in Rome. Letizia also exhibited her head for sensible finances by liquidating her French property before it was taken from her. Still showing parental concern, Letizia traveled to stay with Napoleon before urging him to embark on the adventure which became the Hundred Days, a period when Napoleon regained the Imperial Crown, hurriedly re-organised France and fought the most famous battle in European History, Waterloo. Of course, he was defeated and exiled to distant St. Helena. Having traveled back to France with her son Letizia was soon thrown out; she accepted the protection of the Pope and Rome remained her home. Post Imperial Life Her son may have fallen from power, but Letizia and Fesch had invested considerable sums during the days of Empire, leaving them wealthy and ensconced in luxury: she brought the Palazza Rinuccini in 1818 and installed within it a large number of staff. Letizia also remained active in her familys affairs, interviewing, hiring and shipping staff out to Napoleon and writing letters to secure his release. Nevertheless, her life now became tinged with tragedy as several of her children died young: Elisa in 1820, Napoleon in 1821 and Pauline in 1825. After Elisas death Letizia only ever wore black, and she became increasingly devout. Having lost all her teeth earlier in life Madame Mere now lost her sight, living many of her final years blind. Death / Conclusion Letizia Bonaparte died, still under the protection of the Pope, in Rome on February 2nd 1836. An often dominant mother, Madame Mà ¨re was a pragmatic and careful woman who combined an ability to enjoy luxury without guilt, but to also plan ahead and live without exorbitance. She remained Corsican in thought and word, preferring to speak Italian instead of French, a language which, despite almost two decades living in the country, she spoke poorly and could not write. Despite the hatred and bitterness aimed at her son Letizia remained a surprisingly popular figure, probably because she lacked the eccentricities and ambitions of her children. In 1851 Letizias body was returned and buried in her native Ajaccio. That she is a footnote in the history of Napoleon is an enduring shame, as she is an interesting character in her own right, especially as, centuries later, it is often the Bonapartes who resisted the heights of grandeur and folly who endear. Notable Family:Husband: Carlo Buonaparte (1746 - 1785)Children: Joseph Bonaparte, originally Giuseppe Buonaparte (1768 - 1844)Napoleon Bonaparte, originally Napoleone Buonaparte (1769 - 1821)Lucien Bonaparte, originally Luciano Buonaparte (1775 - 1840)Elisa Bacciochi, nà ©e Maria Anna Buonaparte/Bonaparte (1777 - 1820)Louis Bonaparte, originally Luigi Buonaparte (1778 - 1846)Pauline Borghese, nà ©e Maria Paola/Paoletta Buonaparte/Bonaparte (1780 - 1825)Caroline Murat, nà ©e Maria Annunziata Buonaparte/Bonaparte (1782 - 1839)Jà ©rà ´me Bonaparte, originally Girolamo Buonaparte (1784 - 1860)

Current Development Of Federal Health Care Policy

In March 23rd 2010, the Obama administration enacted a major development of federal health care policy. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, commonly dubbed â€Å"Obamacare†, was planned to guarantee that millions of Americans who could not afford health insurance would have access to at least basic coverage. The law sought to make access to health care universal: it required individuals without insurance to purchase insurance (individual mandate), it required businesses to provide insurance (employer mandate), it set up insurance pools to allow those without care to purchase inexpensive insurance (healthcare exchanges), it required states to extend their Medicaid coverage (Medicaid expansion clause), and it forbade insurance†¦show more content†¦Among others, in these specifically enumerate and include religious freedoms and freedom of speech. More so, they are expanded in general in the Ninth Amendment: The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain righ ts, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Though politics is not the aim of our assignment or this writing, implicit in our work to identify important provisions with the ACA and argue how such provisions relate to Federalism and civil liberties under the Constitution should be a suspicion of the political intent surrounding the passage of this law. One wonders if we can ignore a meaning of the relationship on federalism and civil liberties, in just in the passing of the biggest and costliest of laws in the history of this nation, transferring 1/6th of the economy to the federal government in ways that would only be enumerated after its passing. It had little public support and was passed entirely by Democrats without one Republican vote from either house and in many cases, democrat votes that were cast under dubious circumstances. There is a strong argument at the least a suspicion that the passage of the law violated elements of federalism and civil liberties. Therefore why would provisions, then, of the law not also inten ded to achieve the same intent. This writing shall deal with provisions of the law as it was enacted and not waivers and changes thatShow MoreRelatedRole Of Policy On Health Care Essay1094 Words   |  5 Pages Role of Policy in Health Care Student Name Institution Affiliation â€Æ' Role of Policy in Health Care Ek, R., Goolsby, L., Wengrovius, E. (2011).The national policy outlook for 2011. Policy Practice, 69(1), 16. The health care executives should actively coordinate in problem planning and preparation activities, striving to ensure that their exigency operations plan fits within the whole community plans and represents an accountable approach to the risks an organization might undergoRead MoreThe Policy Process1582 Words   |  7 PagesThe Policy Process HCS/455 05/28/13 Jay Littleton The Policy Process In today’s health care system it is constantly improving and changing, due to the demands of the health care system. For this to happen new policies must be created or even improving old policies. Congress is involved in the process of policy making; including three stages such as foundation stage, legislative stage, and implementation stage. When a health care topic is in processRead More Role of the States In Health Care Policy Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pagesconcerning health care has grown over the last 100 years. After the Great Depression, Social Security was formed; and in the 1960s, Medicare and Medicaid were enacted. Federal responsibilities grew until the â€Å"New Federalism† of the 1990s increased reliance on the states for health care (Longest, 2010, pp. 30-33). Smaller, more local government can represent its citizen’s values better, and it knows the nature of its citizens’ problems. The New Federalism did not significantly change heal th policy; it gaveRead MoreA Political Party May Have On Regulating Healthcare Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pagesthis paper is to understand the influence a political party may have on regulating healthcare. Furthermore, it proves the responsibility of the occupational therapists to investigate and advocate in politics regarding health care that may affect future clients and/or quality of care. The occupational therapy student (OTS) will present research on the libertarian candidate Gary Johnson, and his views on healthcare and occupational therapy. About Gary Johnson and the Libertarian Party Gary JohnsonRead MorePolitical Awareness Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pagesare aware that today’s health care system has many issues complicating the goal of quality patient care and outcomes for all. Nurse leaders must stay informed and become involved as an advocate influencing changes in policy, laws, and/or regulations that govern the health care system they practice in. At times the advocacy requires a nurse leader to become more involved beyond their immediate level of practice and into the world of politics and policy. The health care practice arena is impactedRead MoreThe Current Practice Of Health Insurance921 Words   |  4 PagesThe Current Practice of Health Insurance in Ethiopia The practice of health insurance coverage in Ethiopia is limited. Private sector insurance in health is underdeveloped and covers only a small proportion of the population through the Ethiopian Insurance Corporation (EIC) and recently through a few private insurance companies. Beneficiaries of health insurance schemes are a few private organizations and public enterprises. According to NHA III, private health insurance accounts for only 1.1 % ofRead MoreWA High Risk Medication Policy Essay840 Words   |  4 PagesFurthermore, in U.S., dealing with opioid addiction with opioid prescriptions is managed by Federal Regulation 42 CFR Part 8, which offers for an authorization and certification-based schemes for opioid treatment agenda. The guideline recognizes that dependence on a drug is a therapeutic disorder that may entail reverse healing procedures for dissimilar patients. The Division of Pharmacologic Therapies, which is an element of the SAMHSA Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, is accountable for managingRead MoreThe Three Core Functions Of Public Health846 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduction to public health and to answer three questions. What are the three core functions of public health? What are the essential services associated with each of these? What agencies (federal, state, or local) are responsible for carrying out these core functions and essential services? In the paper below these questions will be answered in reference to the E-learning video while using the provided sources. Core Functions What are the three core functions of public health? According to theRead MoreHealth Policy and The Federal Government Essay examples1238 Words   |  5 PagesOur health care system is currently undergoing a much needed reform. We all too often hear about the uninsured and underinsured, how many millions of Americans are going without. What we do not hear about is how implementing new Health IT strategies we will help reform the health care system as well. We are all aware of the governments current financial situation but we cannot get anywhere without spending first. What are some of the major milestones in the development and advancement of HealthRead MoreThe Care Act ( Obamacare )1607 Words   |  7 PagesProtection and Afordable Care Act (Obamacare) was the need for states to expand eligibility to Medicaid in a bid aimed at improving the health of the welfare of the country Medicaid is a component of what the federal government enacted in the year 1965 that seeks to finance the delivery of better and affordable health care services to those designated â€Å"needy families† and to children. The program required states to expand the eligibility criteria to 138 percent of the federal government poverty levels

Garveyism and Rastafarianism Essay - 3979 Words

Garveyism and Rastafarianism I. Introduction In the twentieth century, two movements have emerged out of Jamaica in protest of black oppression and slavery, both mental and physical. The first to evolve was Garveyism, founded by Marcus Garvey, and was born in the aftermath of the First World War. Rastafarianism was the second movement to emerge, lead by Leonard Howell during the depression years of the 1930’s. Garveyism and Rastafarianism are both resistance movements based on the same ideal: consciousness and essentialism of Africa and its descendants. The founding brethren of the Rastafari movement were Garveyites themselves, although not members of the Universal Negro Improvement Asscioation (UNIA), they agreed with and defended†¦show more content†¦Garvey’s aim was to recontextualize particular aspects of seeming irreconcilable systems of Marxism/Leninism, monarchism, and even of National Socialism for the African of Africa American experience (Zips, 224). Garvey did not feel restricted by established political ideologies, instead he felt free to pick out the best attributes of every government. Ultimately, Garveyism hoped to develop the African continent into a modern network of nations, modeling it after the United States and Western Europe (Lewis , 146). Garvey established the UNIA in Jamaica in the year 1914, two years later he left for the United States in order to gain more momentum for his movement and spread the African unity he had started in Jamaica. Before leaving Jamaica, Garvey made a prophecy of sorts to his followers: â€Å"Look into Africa for the crowning of a black king. He shall be the Redeemer† (Barrett, 67). From this prediction stems most of the discrepancy between Garveyites and Rastafarians, something I will discuss later in this paper. The four main themes that the Garvey movement was built upon were 1) Africa for Africans at home and abroad, 2) unity, 3) self-reliance, and 4) retaining their black pride in the presence of whites (Chevannes, 95). Garvey brought this ideology with him to the United States where he founded an American branch of the UNIA in 1917 and furthered his initiativesShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Ethiopian Church Of Egypt991 Words   |  4 PagesRastafarianism is the child of two very distinct and unrelated entities. One parent is Garveyism, an ideology which at its essence is a Black supremacist socio-political movement with the end goal of repatriating African descendants in the diaspora back to Africa and and Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church is one of the five   monophysite churches, characterised by their rejection of the Council of Chalcedon 451 AD(Ethiopian) This council was convened in an effort toRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : A Time Of Battle For African Americans2917 Words   |  12 Pagescome to characterize both a social marvel, sorted out under the pennant of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and African Communities League (ACL), and a period of dark renaissance, in which Garveyism and the idea of dark racial pride got to be synonymous, (Holly, 132). Garveyism as an ideological development started in dark Harlem in the spring of 1918, and after that thrived all through the dark world. Almost a thousand UNIA divisions were framed, and a huge number of individualsRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesus to survive and thrive This page intentionally left blank Foreword One of the most useful things about Ennis Edmondss Rastafari: From Outcasts to Culture Bearers is that it correctly traces the connection between the emergence of Rastafarianism and the history of resistance and black consciousness that has been part of the Jamaican experience for years. The truth is that there has always been a committed Jamaican counter- culture that celebrates and sees redemption in Africa and rejectsRead More African Music of the Rastafari, the Rasta Community, the Dreads4350 Words   |  18 Pagesmelting pot of African and indigenous Afro-European forms of music such as Kumina, burru, myal, Revivalism, Pocomania and other church variations. At this time, Count Ossie was making regular trips to reason with other Rasta brethren on Garveyism, Rastafarianism, black culture, and blackman redemption. It was there that Count Ossie learned to play the burru drums. As the late Ossie told it, he first learned to play the funde, and then went on to master the akete (Potash 9). Ossie’s teacher was

Management in a Global Business Environment- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theManagement in a Global Business Environment for Ford. Answer: Introduction While opening a new business in any country, it is very important for the management level authorities to consider all the factors related to the business and operations. The proper and accurate analysis of the Ground conditions of any new country gives a clear view of the opportunities and scopes that can be availed by that company in that particular country. Firstly, the following study is all about the challenges that are likely to be faced by an American Automobile Giant named Ford while initiating a business in India. Secondly, this study describes the different factors like political, economic and Technological factors that have the potential to influence the operations of operations of Ford Company in India. Thirdly it has also included the Socio Economic factors that has discussed about the lifestyle of Indian people in rural as well as urban areas. Finally, the thesis statement of this study is to analyze and discuss the impacts of different factors including Political, Technological, Socio-cultural and Economic of Indian society and market on the operations of Ford. Body Business Expansion in India The Ford Automobile recognizes that India is a very ideal market for opening a new business because of many favorable factors. According to Collings (2014), the fastest growing economy in the world, which is India, is likely to provide a great platform for the organizations from outside to stay and install their business. The influential factors like Political and Economic conditions are in favor of foreign investors in the current scenario as compared to the circumstances that were present earlier. Hill, Cronk Wickramasekera (2013) have stated that the new government in India has increased the Foreign Direct Investment for Automobile sectors in India have been increased to 89% under the reign of current government. In addition, the growth in urbanization and increasing trend of using private cars by people can provide a good market for Ford in Indian Markets. Political factors Ford has decided to expand their business on a global arena and India is among the many international markets that Ford is planning to enter. Mainela, Puhakka, Servais, (2014) opined that, in India, political factors comprise a crucial risk for a big brand like Ford that operates internationally. Political environment in India is volatile since changes in the Government are more often. This volatile environment can result in a massive disruption in the supply chain management system of Ford as well as their distribution network. This is a severe bad influence for a business that is entering a new market. As per CPI (Corruption Perception Index) in 2015, among 178 countries India has ranked 87th rank in transparency, facing a demotion from rank 84. Ford can get an idea about the degree of corruption prevalent in India from this perception and business analyst of Ford can recommend the formulating of an appropriate business strategy that is needed to be followed by Ford to survive in such turbulent and corruptive political environment (blog.euromonitor.com, 2017). It has been acknowledged that a comprehensive and convenient system of taxation prevalent in a country promotes exponential growth in local, emerging as well as international business. As supported by OECD (2017), effective and on time implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India, have assisted the investments, competitiveness as well as significant growth in economy. However, as mentioned by Sarasvathy et al. (2014), rate of corporate income tax are being reduced by the Government that can hamper the infrastructural requirements. All these factors related to tax system prevalent in India can are considered by Ford prior to enter the Indian market to modify their business policies as per the taxation rules. Government of India has recently focused on eco friendly as well as fuel efficient cars to be operated in the country. In this perspective, entry of Ford in the Indian market can be profitable for the organisation as they produce cars that require less fuel. Thus the company has a great opportunity in gaining support from the prevailing Government that would greatly impact on profitability as well as revenue of the entity. However legislations in India have a great impact on the international business that is operating in India. Cheng et al. (2014) mentioned that Companies Act, 2013, subjects to provisions that are related to acquisitions and mergers, CSR and shareholding of the international business operating in India with the local and national business entities. Ford needs to be prepared to face such consequences on entering the Indian market as they operated as an independent organisation in US. In addition to this, fiscal policies that are prolonged by the Indian government results in improvement of macroeconomic framework, sustainability, opening up of economy, overall improved health outcome in terms of business (Amritt, Inc., 2017). Ford will be able to acknowledge the outcomes of their business operations on analyzing the effect of these policies. Economic Factors As far the economic conditions of India is concerned, the country is growing at a tremendous rate of 7.8% which is even greater than the Republic of China that used to be at the top position (Wild, Wild Han, 2014). It can be said that the Automobile market of India has also been growing significantly. The Make in India campaign that was started by the Indian Prime Minister in 2015 accompanied by raising the barrier of Foreign Direct Investment in Automobile sector of the nation has paved ways for many companies to start their business in India. However, Ambos Hkanson (2014) have argued that the tremendous economic growth of Indian Society has also resulted in the growth and inception of new Car Companies in India that have managed to make a strong hold in the Automobile Sector. This includes Tata Automobiles as well as Mahindra Auto. It can also be said that the inflation rates and Interest rates provided by Indian Banks to the people is of significantly economic value. As per Glavas Mathews (2014), the current inflation rate and interest rates for car loans provided in India is 1.91% and approximately 9.35% respectively. Therefore, Ford can introduce its new versions of family car at cheaper rates to attract the customers. Moreover, the labor and energy costs are comparatively low in India than in other countries. The actual figures keep fluctuating, but it is always less than other countries. As mentioned by Munyon et al. (2015), the average unemployment rate in India is about 4%. This includes a number of Engineering Graduates that are unable to get jobs due to lack of opportunities. Hence, it can be said that there can be number of candidates that will compete among each other for the opportunities will certainly allow the Fords Human Resources Management Department to choose the best and most potential people for the Jobs. It is to be noted that the World Bank made a statement in 2014 regarding Fiscal Policies where it has been mentioned that the weakening economies of major markets in the world can be the reason for business failure if a new investment is done in any country (World Bank, 2017). However, as per the Annual reports of Ford Automobiles, the Ford has managed to maintain a significant Operating Margin of 6.7% in its Automotive Segment (Corporate.ford.com, 2017). In addition, the Operating Cash flow has been quite considerable with nominal rate of growth despite having very strict fiscal policies in China. However, in case of Indian Societies, the Income Distribution does not exist in some specific pattern that will help Ford grow in India (Jr, 2017). Social Factors Social factors like the lifestyle of the community of the country influence the buying decision of the customers and affect the sales volume of the company like Ford Motor Company. In order to expand business in India, Ford Motor Company has analysed cultural trends and lifestyle of people in India. In India lifestyle of people is improving with an increase into GDP, people are tending to purchase four-wheeler. This ensures a large customer base in the Indian market for the automobile sector. Ford can grab this market opportunities in India by making a market entry in Indian automobile sector. In India, family size is maximum 4 which determine the suitability for selecting four wheelers. As argued by Monga, Chaudhary Tripathi (2012), According to PPP index India has 4th largest urbanisation that refers large potential customer base in India for Ford. In Indian society, the household income level is experiencing an upward migration that ensures a possible opportunity for Ford making a market entry in Indian automobile sector. It can be counter argued that among these high population most of the people are middle-class people who have less affordability of cars (Thestatesman.com, 2017). Another social perspective that Ford has to consider while expanding its business in Indian market is that in India the car price under USD 12000 is present in 80% (approx) of Indian market (Autocarpro.in, 2017). Thus, for this reason, Ford has to reconsider its pricing strategy, as social and cultural set-up the USA is different from India. People in India are highly qualified and discerning. Even they are much price sensitive and require the product to be value for money. It can be counter argued that Ford has to invest more funds to ensure both sustainability and cost efficiency for Indian customers (Thestatesman.com, 2017). As India is a developing country, economic complications are present that lead the customer to prefer company and small cars. The culture among Indian people is much environment sensitive thus, they require environment sustainability. Due to price sensitivity, people in India requires cars to be less fuel consuming that takes less cost for running. Instead of potential opportunities, the Ford can face two major hindrances due to social and cultural perspectives (Autocarpro.in, 2017). Technological factors India has made an exponential growth in the past few years in the field of technology. As per NASSCOM, the second most connected nation in the world after China is India (Techinasia.com, 2017). Consumer expenditure has been extended a lot and by 2020 it is expected that the country will obtain higher income, high unemployment, high convenience and optimum accessibility. Technology has also supported the enhancement in income of the people. Government has also initiated tax free zones, Special Economic Zones and Software Technology Parks in the country that will provide much assistance and a high technological environment to Ford, which is planning to enter the Indian market (Techinasia.com, 2017). However, Ford, being a US based organisation, is subjected to the most advanced technological activities. Soria Troisi (2014) informed that Ford will be facing a huge opportunity on entering Indian market from the technological perspective as they are coming from a developed country and operating in a developing country. Consequently technological maturity will be high. A possible challenge will be faced in the legislation, where IT Act, 2000 focuses on the e-commerce, e-business and new economy in India. Ford will be subjected to several compliances of the legislation. Among Indian automobile companies, the activities of R D lay more emphasis to ensure more technological advancement in terms of safety in four wheelers. In Indian automobile industry, the technological solutions have thorough integration in supply chain management. As argued by Monga, Chaudhary Tripathi (2012), the government of India is undertaking technological development projects like National Automotive Testing and RD Infrastructure Project in order to promote zero emission. As counter argued by Shende (2014), though with National Automotive Testing and RD Infrastructure Project government promotes automobile industry growth in India, it also sets the international standard for making a market entry in India. The advancement in technology also has ensured the use of hybrid cars and alternative fuels. Ford, in order to satisfy Indian customer needs, has to design hybrid car concept with technological advancements. As argued by Monga, Chaudhary, Tripathi (2012), cyber security also plays a significant role in analysing customers requirements and providing information about the cars to the customers. Hyundai, BMW and Maruti have already used the cyber technology for attaining maximum market shares in India (Thestatesman.com, 2017). Thus, it can act as a potential challenge for Ford to match the customer demand of technologically advanced fuel efficient, low cost and compact cars in Indian market. Conclusion After going through all the factors of business initiation in India, it can be said that the Indian Economy is likely to provide a very Good Market for the Ford Automobile. However, the company needs to make some advancement in its designs to provide some cheaper and family cars for Indian people. In addition, as the trend of using hybrid cars in increasing in India, the company can use this as a scope to expand its market further. However, maintenance of all the factors is important for the organization to establish their base in the new country. It should be the purview of the management to make sure that the policies and procedures that exist in the company should be in accordance with the laws of the new country. Ford may face challenges to deliver affordable sustainable vehicles to the Indian customer as demand by them. It will increase the manufacturing cost of sustainable vehicles. Ford has to invest large funding for establishing the sustainable industry in India. Thus, while making market entry-decision Ford has to consider both opportunities and challenges lead by social and cultural factors. Bibliography Ambos, B., Hkanson, L. (2014). The concept of distance in international management research.Journal of International Management,20(1), 1-7. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bjoern_Ambos/publication/259142683_The_Concept_of_Distance_in_International_Management_Research/links/56b88abc08ae3c1b79b2da46.pdf Autocarpro.in, (2017), Car buying behaviour in India takes a shift, Available from https://www.autocarpro.in/features/car-buying-behaviour-india-takes-shift-3408 [Accessed on 3 Aug 2017] Business Laws in India | India Business Regulations | Amritt, Inc.. (2017).Amritt, Inc.. Retrieved 7 August 2017, from https://www.amritt.com/services/india-business-consulting/business-laws-regulations-in-india/ Cheng, M., Green, W., Conradie, P., Konishi, N., Romi, A. (2014). The international integrated reporting framework: key issues and future research opportunities.Journal of International Financial Management Accounting,25(1), 90-119. Retrieved from https://www.repository.up.ac.za/dspace/bitstream/handle/2263/36671/Cheng_International_2014.pdf?sequence=1 Collings, D. G. (2014). Integrating global mobility and global talent management: Exploring the challenges and strategic opportunities.Journal of World Business,49(2), 253-261. Retrieved from https://doras.dcu.ie/20303/1/Collings_JWB_2014.pdf Corruption Impacts India's Business and Political Environment. (2017).Euromonitor International Blog. Retrieved 7 August 2017, from https://blog.euromonitor.com/2011/09/corruption-impacts-indias-business-and-political-environment.html Ford New Cars, Trucks, SUVs, Crossovers Hybrids | Vehicles Built Just for You | Ford.com. (2017).Ford.com. Retrieved 3 August 2017, from https://www.ford.com/ Glavas, C., Mathews, S. (2014). How international entrepreneurship characteristics influence Internet capabilities for the international business processes of the firm.International Business Review,23(1), 228-245. Retrieved from https://eprints.qut.edu.au/65386/2/65386.pdf Hill, C. W., Cronk, T., Wickramasekera, R. (2013).Global business today. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Retrieved from https://ltuonline.ltu.edu/syllabi/SP13_MGT6053.pdf Indias Economic Fundamentals Remain Strong; Investment Pick-up Needed for Sustained Growth, says New World Bank Report. (2017).World Bank. Retrieved 14 August 2017, from https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2017/05/29/india-economic-fundamentals-remain-strong-investment-pick-up-needed-sustained-growth-says-new-world-bank-report Jr., L. (2017).I.M.F. Warns of Global Financial Risk From Fiscal Policies.Nytimes.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017, from https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/13/business/international/imf-warns-of-global-financial-risk-.html?mcubz=1 Mainela, T., Puhakka, V., Servais, P. (2014). The concept of international opportunity in international entrepreneurship: a review and a research agenda.International Journal of Management Reviews,16(1), 105-129. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vesa_Puhakka/publication/235971463_The_Concept_of_International_Opportunity_in_International_Entrepreneurship_A_Review_and_a_Research_Agenda/links/0046351506b75a9b24000000.pdf MF and Ford sign international agreement. (2017).IndustriALL. Retrieved 8 August 2017, from https://www.industriall-union.org/archive/imf/imf-and-ford-sign-international-agreement. Monga, N., Chaudhary, B., Tripathi, S. (2012). Car market and buying behavior: A study of consumer perception.International Journal of Research in Management, Economics and Commerce,2(2), 44-63. Munyon, T. P., Summers, J. K., Thompson, K. M., Ferris, G. R. (2015). Political skill and work outcomes: A theoretical extension, meta?analytic investigation, and agenda for the future.Personnel Psychology,68(1), 143-184. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Timothy_Munyon/publication/259554667_Political_Skill_and_Work_Outcomes_A_Theoretical_Extension_Meta-Analytic_Investigation_and_Agenda_for_the_Future/links/0c960534d3f379cbea000000.pdf Sarasvathy, S., Kumar, K., York, J. G., Bhagavatula, S. (2014). An effectual approach to international entrepreneurship: Overlaps, challenges, and provocative possibilities.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,38(1), 71-93. Retrieved from https://www.effectuation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Sarasvathy_et_al-2014-Entrepreneurship_Theory_and_Practice-copy.pdf Shende, V. (2014). Analysis of research in consumer behavior of automobile passenger car customer.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,4(2), 1-12. Soria, K. M., Troisi, J. (2014). Internationalization at home alternatives to study abroad: Implications for students development of global, international, and intercultural competencies.Journal of Studies in International Education,18(3), 261-280. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Krista_Soria/publication/260750389_Internationalization_at_Home_Alternatives_to_Study_Abroad_Implications_for_Students%27_Development_of_Global_International_and_Intercultural_Competencies/links/00463538f2c135dd19000000/Internationalization-at-Home-Alternatives-to-Study-Abroad-Implications-for-Students-Development-of-Global-International-and-Intercultural-Competencies.pdf Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem. (2017).Techinasia.com. Retrieved 9 August 2017, from https://www.techinasia.com/talk/insights-india-fastest-growing-technology-hub-world Thestatesman.com, (2017), Impact of GST on car prices in India, Available from https://www.thestatesman.com/business/impact-of-gst-on-car-prices-in-india-1495437711.html/ [Accessed on 3 Aug 2017] Wild, J. J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. New Jersey: Pearson Education Limited. Retrieved from https://amberton.mylifeblue.com/media/Syllabi/Fall%202014/Undergraduate/BUS4110_E1.pdf

The Birth Of The Western European Union Began Some 28 Years Essays

The birth of the Western European Union began some 28 years ago on May 6th 1955. However, this alliance was formed from the original Treaty of Dunkirk. The Treaty of Dunkirk was an Anglo-French alliance which was signed on March 4th 1947, when the two signatories agreed to give mutual support to each other should the event of renewed German aggression show it's face again. It was also to agree on a common action should either signatory be prejudiced by any failure of Germany to fulfil it's economic obligations which were enforced upon her by the allies at the end of WWII. The Treaty of Dunkirk was enhanced within only 12 months with the signing of The Brussels Treaty. This was a "Treaty of Economic, Social and Cultural Co-operation and Collective Self Defence" signed on March 17th 1948 by the countries of Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, and was implemented by the U.K. Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin. This new and enhanced Treaty of Dunkirk was to be given the name of the Brussels Treaty Organisation (B.T.O.). Among the aims of the treaty were the "strengthening of economic, social and cultural ties between the signatories, the co-ordination of efforts to create a firm basis for European economic recovery, and mutual assistance in maintaining international peace and security". Of the Brussels treaty two articles in particular need mentioning. Article 4 of treaty provided for " mutual assistance in maintaining international peace and security". While article 7 created a Consultative Council to discuss matters covered by the treaty. Over the coming years more talks were held on the formation of a European Defence Council, however these talks broke down and proved fruitless. A new set of talks were scheduled in the summer of 1954 to extend and amend the Brussels Treaty and proved much more successful, with the conclusion of the talks in London between September 28th and October 3rd. The "Paris Agreements" were signed in Paris on October 23rd 1954 by the nine conference powers which included representatives from Belgium, Canada, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States. Although some concern may be expressed at the inclusion of Germany as one of the representative states Protocol 1 of the Paris Agreement will explain this. Protocol I Amended the Brussels treaty of 1948 to permit the entry of the Federal Republic of Germany and Italy into the Treaty Organisation. The assistance in case of attack was extended to the two new entrants. The Consultative Council set up under the original treaty was given powers of decision and renamed the Council of Western European Union. On May 6th 1955 the Paris Agreements came into force and the expanded Brussels Treaty Organisation became the Western European Union. There are however three other protocols worth mentioning that were agreed upon within the Paris Agreements. Protocol II Laid down the maximum strength of land and air forces to be maintained in Europe at the disposal of Supreme Allied Commander of NATO by each of the member countries of the WEU in peace time. The contribution of naval forces to NATO by each of the WEU countries would be determined annually. Regular inspections would be held by the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, to ensure that the limits were observed. A special article recapitulated an undertaking by Britain not to withdraw or diminish her forces in Europe against the wishes of the majority of her partners. In 1957 Britain was given permission, by the WEU to withdraw some of her forces from the Federal Republic of Germany. Protocol III Embodied resolutions on the control of armaments on the European mainland. The Federal Republic of Germany was forbidden to manufacture atomic, biological or chemical weapons, and stocks of such weapons in other countries of continental Europe were to be strictly controlled. In addition, Germany undertook not to manufacture long-range and guided missiles, influence mines, warships and strategic bombers unless the competent NATO Supreme Commander should recommend any change in the ruling. Protocol IV Set up an agency for the Control of Armaments and defined its functions, these being mainly to enforce the provision of Protocol III. The German Build Up Within a short period of time due to the build up of the Warsaw pact it was felt that the Federal Republic of Germany would be unable to defend itself against possible aggression from the Russian dominated treaty, and that a number of arrangements would have to be made with regards to the increase in size of its forces. This would, it was believed enhance the